- the 45th NY (11 Corps) indicates they repulsed O'Neal and captured many prisoners, then they helped repulse Iverson's charge and captured more prisoners. How they were involved with Iverson is beyond me, but if they are referring to O'Neal's second charge, it makes sense. It also means they were involved with both O'Neal charges, and having arrived in town around 11:15 am, they had time to make it out there.

I believe it is possible that the 45th New York could have captured some prisoners from Iverson's Brigade. As Iverson's men move forward from the Forney Woods, they wheeled left to meet the fire of Baxter's troops. Did the left elements of Iverson's cross the Mummasburg Road as the advanced? Possibly. After the repulse of the initial attack of O'Neal's Brigade, the 45th New York collected some prisoners from the 26th Alabama in the area of the McLean farm. With the withdrawal of the Alabamians, the left frank of Iverson's Brigade became fully exposed. Did some of his men attemp to flee down the slope of Oak Hill? If so, they would have run right into the 45th New York near the bottom of the slope! More likely........when Eugene Blackford arrived on the plain below Oak Hill in the area of the McLean farm, he mentions that "there were North Carolina sharpshooters there that had spent all their ammunition." I believe these sharpshooters were from Iverson's command and would be likely candidate for being subsequently captured by the 45th New York.

- a "blind spot" exists for a stretch along the Mummasburg Road into which many of O'Neal's men took refuge. They must have surged into that location during the first charge and/or second charge and were essentially trapped until taken captive by the 12th Massachusetts, and (perhaps later) the 13th Massachusetts and 104th New York. The 26th Alabama was likely heavily represented here, and if their color bearer worked his way around to the right toward Iverson's oncoming left, it would explain how the 88th Pennsylvania got their flag. But the 88th is vague about how these colors were taken - maybe they were found on the ground or taken from the bearer while he was a prisoner going to the rear?

This event took place after the first charge of O'Neal's Brigade. The 12th Massachusetts and 88th Pennsylvania of Baxter's Brigade ran out of ammunition and were to be replaced by men of Paul's Brigade by the time the Alabamians rallied and came up again. The 26th Alabama on the left flank, would have taken most of the punishment delivered by Baxter's men and the arriving men of XI Corps. The 26th Alabama Infantry Regiment entered this fight seriously understrength, short of field and company officers. Just eight weeks earlier, the regiment had ended the battle of Chancellorsville under command of a Lieutenant. At Gettysburg the 26th Alabama was under temporary command of Lieutenant Colonel John C. Goodgame of the 12th Alabama Infantry Regiment. In his report of the battle, Goodgame says "the loss of the Regiment was heavy." However, Goodgame clearly was displeased with the behaviour of these troops on July 1st. One of the few clear statements in his skimpy after-action report is this: "Some 40 were taken by the enemy, but it is my opinion, that every man could have escaped being captured had they done their duty." The severe, unexpected, enfilading fire from the left (45th New York) had destroyed O’Neal’s attack and they had retreated in great disorder. Perhaps the Color-Bearer of the 26th Alabama was amongst these forty men.

- Adjutant Wehrum and George Kimball of the 12th Massachusetts associate (incorrectly) Iverson with McLean's barn, and thus prisoners they took would have been mainly from O'Neal, not Iverson. This set off a heated exchange in the National Tribune with Isaac Hall of the 97th NY, who denied their extensive claimed role against Iverson, when in fact they meant O'Neal.

I am familiar with this controversy and believe after the repulse of O'Neal's initial attack, the troops of the 12th Massachusetts would/could have participated in the subsequent destruction of Iverson's Brigade which would have taken place for the next 30 -60 minutes (did some more reading ).

- If O'Neal did make two separate charges, I am thinking the following First Corps units were involved in their repulse: First charge: 12th Massachusetts, 88th Pennsylvania, 83rd New York; Second charge: 13th Massachusetts, 104th New York, right companies of 90th Pennsylvania.

I agree with the exception of the 90th Pennsylvania which was a part of Baxter's Brigade. There would have been withdrawn with the rest of Baxter's men before the second assault of the Alabamians.

- Regarding the 12th Alabama, Robert Park writes that after a "long exposure" to the enemy his regiment was ordered back. Clearly he did not return after O'Neal's first charge because that was over in a matter of minutes.

Robert Park did not return after the first charge of O'Neal's Brigade because he was severely wounded in the hip during that advance. As to the "long exposure", if I remember correctly, he was left in an exposed position after being wounded with constant fire hitting others nearby and his general area. How long is long in such a situation? I think he suggested 30 minutes........it may have been, but I believe maybe 10 minutes less........still too long!!!!!!!!!

- When Ramseur advanced, his two left regiments (2nd and 4th North Carolina) likely passed over the ground west of the McLean barn and by then O'Neal's second charge must have been over. The 16th Maine was sent to make a last ditch stand and was essentially annihilated.

Ramseur's two left regiments (2nd & 4th North Carolina) came up in support of a third advance by O'Neal's Brigade, which included both the 3rd & 5th Alabama regiments. To be sure Ramseur was in command, but he was on the right wing of the advance. I believe Colonel Grimes of the 3rd Alabama was in charge on the left as these men swept back down Oak Hill.