The only record of anyone named Robert Barlow serving in a Kentucky command is that of Robert P Barlow, 2nd Sgt of Capt James J Murphy's independent Kentucky company. Barlow appears on record as a member of Co C, 14th Kentucky Cavalry, captured at Cheshire, Ohio, July 20, 1863. He escaped from prison by bribing a guard.
This is probably the same man as Robert Barlow, age 16, living in Carroll County TN in 1860.