The Virginia in the Civil War Message Board

Re: Gary's Brigade at Appomattox

In the 1890's, to support a State pension program, South Carolina veterans were encouraged to compile rosters of the various units which were raised in the State. The official title for the three volume set is "South Carolina Volunteers in Confederate Service," and is held at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History. It is commonly called the "Memory Rolls," because it was in many instances prepared from memory. (Actually, it appears that many of the compilers had at least some muster rolls or other such sources available.) For both the Hampton Legion Mounted Infantry and the 7th S.C. Cavalry, no muster rolls in Compiled Service Records are available after December, 1864.

The Memory Rolls are woefully incomplete, but they are the best that I can find available for casualties which occurred on the retreat from Riochmond, and at Appomattox Station and Appomattox Court House. They list only two deaths in the entire Hampton Legion Mounmted Infantry: Private John Livingston of Company B (apparently killed at Painesville on 5 Apr), and 1 SGT John Bruce of Company D, killed in skirmishing on the morning of April 9. I am sure that there were more, but I do not suspect that the number was disproportionately large. The men that were captured on or before April 7 were apparently sent to prison camps, primarily Newport News and Point Lookout. Men captured on the night of the 8th were appraently sent back to Farmville, but were paroled there. Any men captured on the morning of the 9th were apparently paroled with their units. Again, I have the individual records for men of the Legion only, but there was not a large group which were captured on the retreat -- and I suspect that most of them were stragglers. But they were not a lot of them. I'm not looking, but no more than 15 for the Legion. And it was relatively well-filled. I have a partial roster for Company B based upon a petition for executive clemency for a member of the company who was imprisoned in Castle Thunder, signed over a period of a couple of weeks ending in mid March, and there were almost 60 enlisted men who signed the Petition in that one company alone. (Incidentally, the man was apparently granted clemency, for he was paroled with the company at Appomattox.)

Based upon my analysis of the situation, Gary's Brigade was clearly roughed up by greatly superior numbers on the night of the 8th, but it maintianed its unit cohesion. The 100 +/- sized group that followed Benjamin E. Nicholson, the second in command of the Legion, apparently wheeled to the west as they withdrew back from the vicinnity of the Station to the Lynchburg Stage Road, covering the withdrawl of the reserve artillery, while the bulk of the brigade wheeled east, protecting the head of Lee's column which was strung out along the Lynchburg Stage Road to the east of the Court House. In my mind, it appears that there strong unit cohension following the meeting engagement to the north of the Station.

I would refer detailed questions to Pat Schroeder, the National Park Service historian of Appomattox Court House National Historic Park, who is most knowledgable on the relative positions of the forces on the morning of the 9th.

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