I found this thread interesting since I was in Doakesville, Okla. (what's left of it) today with my U.S. history classes looking at the actual spot where the Civil War ended with Waite's surrender. I believe there were many whites in Indian territory. My ancestor Asa Clark ran a supply business between Ft. Smith and Boggy Depot(near present day Atoka, Okla.) prior to the Civil War and his son John B. Clark served at Boggy Depot and later Doakesville, Ft. Towson during the Civil War with the Confederate Quartermasters who were white. Thanks, Steve