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East Tennessee 1865 : An Eye For An Eye

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James Fitzgerald was born about 1787, and a Veteran of the War of 1812. His father, George had fought the Redcoats in the Revolution. Being a prosperous farmer, a slave-owner, and having sons in the Confederate Army made him a constant target for Union foraging patrols. In January, 1865 two Union bushwhackers robbed and killed him. They attacked as he sat down to a meal, came into the house and shot him several times. Drug him from under a bed and finished him off. They were later identified as Michael Martin, a deserter from the U.S. First Tennessee Light Artillery and Thomas Hulse, at the time, probably AWOL from the Union 13th Tennessee Cavalry. Ten years later, a stepson of Fitzgerald's tracked down one of the men
in Kentucky and killed him. A prostitute robbed and poisoned the other.

Elcannah (Alcanan) Simmons, Company F Union Third Tennessee Mounted Infantry “joined for duty & enrolled,” July 1, 1864, in Greene County, Tennessee. He “mustered-in” at Knoxville, September 29, 1864. His age is listed at 46. His age was listed as 47, in the 1860 census. His 18 year-old son, James, also enlisted with him. James soon became ill and spent his entire enlistment, hospitalized in Knoxville.

The U.S. 3rd Regiment, Tennessee Mounted Infantry was organized at Loudon, Strawberry Plains and Knoxville, July to September, 1864. They mustered out November 30, 1864. Skirmish at Lee's Ferry September 6. Greenville October 12. Mustered out November 30, 1864.This was a three months Regiment; and did no service never being fully organized.

Elcannah was among members of company F that returned to upper east Tennessee following their muster-out, and continued to operate against scattered elements of Confederates from Vaughn's Brigade, Thomas' Legion, and the 64th North Carolina, even after the official muster out of the Regiment on November 30. This unit had spent July-November of 64, “bushwhacking and foraging in Greene County. The Rebels had a like set of men tearing around the same section and many men on each side had been friends and neighbors and had special grudges growing out of the conduct of each group towards Confederate and Union citizens.” It had gotten to the point, that even Union sympathizers, referred to the Union men as “make-believe Yankees,” and “90-day Federals.” On 1/22/1865, the former Captain of Company F (a Rebel deserter,) assembled some 17 men at the home of a Mrs. Collett. There, they were attacked by a large Confederate force. After fighting for sometime the Yankees surrendered. The Rebels killed a man named Thompson, ( possibly James M. Thompson of Company E ) the next day they killed Elcannah and two other men, on charges they had “killed a Rebel citizen for no reason.” The other prisoners were delivered to Confederate prisons and later released after the surrender. These men later attempted to acquire pay for their “extra duty,” but were refused on grounds “they had already mustered out.” Elcannah's widow Nancy, went to Alabama following the war.

Elcannah rests today next to Samuel, the youngest of his 11 children

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East Tennessee 1865 : An Eye For An Eye
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