Racism never was a part of this discussion, but I did point out several times that Union men deserted because of the E Proclamation, and that sentiment against "nigger" troops was widespread and strong, in the Union army, until they realized the black troops fought like men and were immensely valuable to their successful war effort.

But blacks were hung in NY as the "cause' of war, during the draft riots. I have not bothered making a case about North-South racism, only about the war policies toward race that won for one side and lost for the other.