Pamela,
My information has Samuel Trollinger along with fellow guerrilla James Barton killed in a skirmish with a patrol of 50th Missouri Infantry in Iron County. My first two sources are Jack F. Mayes, pamphlet "The Civil War in Iron County," published by author probably in that area 1994, pages 6-7; and United States Department of War, "The Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies in the War of the Rebellion," series 1, vol. 48, part 1, page 461. Mr. Mayes wrote that some Iron County area men in the patrol convinced Lieutenant William Weddle to look for Trollinger at his home. The mounted infantrymen were riding toward Trollinger's house when the advanced party of the patrol happened upon Trollinger and Barton themselves, recognized Trollinger, and started shooting. The two guerrillas were manuevering around the advance party of Union soldiers when the rest of the patrol rode up and overwhelmed the two, killing both. The "Official Records" of the Union army indicated this skirmish took place January 8, 1865.
I didn't find Trollinger in the 1860 census, although there were three Trollinger families in Reynolds County. The online website for the State of Missouri Secretary of State's Office has a military service record for a "Samuel Trollengin" who was a member of Captain McKinney's Company H of the 5th Missouri Infantry (CSA), but his record ends with his desertion at the siege of Vicksburg in July 1863.
Joanne Chiles Eakin's 1993 "Missouri POW's" published in Independence in 1993 quoted from the records of the National Archives and Records Administration that Union troops arrested citizen Samuel "Trollengin" of Reynolds County there 26 November 1862, sent him to Myrtle Street Military Prison in downtown St. Louis, where he was transferred to Washington, D. C. later and exchanged. Since the Union military exchanged Trollinger, they had to conclude he was a Confederate soldier and not a guerrilla, at least in November 1862. I say that because the Union military Department of the Missouri issued an order in spring 1862 that all guerrillas captured under arms but without wearing a uniform were to be considered guerrillas and therefore not legal combatants and to be executed either on the spot or sent back with a statement of circumstances of the arrest and executed later in St. Louis.

That's all I have on Samuel Trollinger. When I was a kid in Hurst, Texas, my best friend and neighbor was Lance Trollinger, who would have been about 11 in 1963. Any kin to your Trollinger's?
Bruce Nichols