Terry,

You are absolutely correct about the Louisiana commands. I calculated the infantry regiments alone as being one-third foreign-born based on available data, much of it from Booth's records, or 848 out of 2,545 present on the field. Other states with units that were raised in seaports also have a higher percentage, as would be expected, but in the interior of the South the numbers drop off dramatically. The examples that I found compared well with a published study done by J. T. Glatthaar, Soldiering in the Army of Northern Virginia, in which he concludes that 3.4 percent of the army was foreign-born. My own calculations yielded a figure of 3,528 out of a total strength of 76,793 (from Busey and Martin, Regimental Strengths at Gettysburg), or nearly 4.6 percent. This study can be found in The Gettysburg Magazine, issue 49, pp. 107-120. My actual sample size fixes the statistical margin of error fairly low, instilling reasonable confidence in the percentages if the basic premises are accepted. These numbers by the way don't include slaves/servants brought north with the army, but since the slave trade tapered off in the 1840s it is assumed that most were born in America.